Introduction
Undergoing a gastrectomy, whether partial or total, is a life-altering experience. As a cancer dietitian, I understand the complexities that come with adapting to this new chapter in your life. This guide will provide you with essential nutrition advice tailored to each stage of your recovery—from the immediate post-op period to the first year after surgery. You’ve got this!
What is Gastrectomy?
A gastrectomy is the surgical removal of part (partial gastrectomy) or all (total gastrectomy) of the stomach, often performed to treat stomach cancer. This procedure significantly alters the digestive process, impacting how you eat and absorb nutrients. Adjusting to these changes is crucial for your recovery and long-term health.
Nutrition Advice: Months 0-3 Post-Gastrectomy
1. Immediately After Surgery
In the first few days following surgery, your digestive system needs time to heal. You’ll likely start with a clear liquid diet, including broth, gelatin, and clear juices. This phase is crucial for ensuring hydration while minimizing strain on your stomach.
Sipping slowly and drinking small amounts frequently can help to prevent nausea or discomfort. Gradually introduce full liquids like milk products, protein shakes, strained smoothies, and smooth soups as tolerated.
2. Transitioning to Soft and Pureed Foods
Around 1-2 weeks post-op, you may be advised to start incorporating soft or pureed foods into your diet. This stage helps you transition to more solid foods while being gentle on your digestive system.
Aim to consume 5-6 small meals each day, and chew food well to help with digestion. Stay hydrated by continuing to sip fluids between meals.
Foods to Include After Gastrectomy:
- Mashed potatoes or sweet potatoes
- Baby food
- Pureed fruits and vegetables
- Soft cooked Scrambled eggs
- Smooth yogurt or pudding
3. Managing Early Dumping Syndrome
Dumping syndrome, where food moves too quickly from the stomach to the small intestine, is a common concern after gastrectomy. It can cause symptoms like dizziness, sweating, and diarrhea.
Prevention Tips:
- Avoid high-sugar foods: These can trigger symptoms. Opt for low-sugar or sugar-free alternatives instead, and no, these do not cause cancer.
- Include protein and healthy fats: These nutrients slow down digestion and can help manage symptoms.
- Eat slowly: Take your time with each meal to help control the rate of digestion.
Nutrition Advice: Months 4-6 Post-Gastrectomy
As your body continues to heal, you’ll gradually transition to a more varied diet. This phase focuses on nutrient-dense foods to support recovery and maintain energy levels.
1. Incorporating More Solid Foods
You can begin to introduce more solid foods, focusing on those rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals.
Foods to Include:
- Lean meats like chicken or turkey
- Cooked vegetables (e.g., carrots, spinach, zucchini)
- Whole grains like oatmeal, quinoa, or whole wheat pasta
- Soft fruits like bananas, peaches, and berries
Tips:
- Continue small, frequent meals: Your stomach capacity is reduced, so smaller portions are essential.
- Prioritize protein: This is crucial for healing and maintaining muscle mass.
- Experiment with textures: Gradually introduce firmer foods as tolerated.
2. Managing Nutrient Deficiencies
After a gastrectomy, you may be at risk for deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and vitamin D.
Tips:
- Consider supplements: Your healthcare team may recommend supplements to prevent deficiencies.
- Include fortified foods: Look for fortified cereals, dairy, and plant-based milk to boost nutrient intake.
- Regular blood tests: Work with your healthcare provider to regularly monitor nutrient levels.
Nutrition Advice: Months 7-12 Post-Gastrectomy
By now, you should be adjusting well to your new eating habits, but it’s important to maintain a focus on balanced nutrition to support long-term health.
1. Expanding Your Diet
You can gradually reintroduce a wider variety of foods, paying close attention to how your body reacts. Be on the lookout for any signs of discomfort and adjust your diet accordingly.
Foods to Include:
- A broader range of lean proteins, including fish, tofu, and beans
- A variety of fruits and vegetables, both cooked and raw. Incorporate raw and high fiber or gas producing foods gradually since these may cause discomfort.
- Whole grains, incorporating more fiber into your diet
- Healthy fats from sources like avocados, nuts, and olive oil
Tips:
- Avoid overeating: It’s still important to stick to small portions, even with a more varied diet.
- Stay hydrated: Continue to drink fluids between meals to aid digestion.
2. Long-Term Nutritional Focus
As you move further from surgery, your goal is to maintain a balanced diet that supports overall health and well-being.
Tips:
- Regular follow-ups: Keep up with medical appointments to monitor your nutritional status.
- Stay active: Engage in regular physical activity to maintain strength and energy levels. You may need to start out slowly and gradually work back up to your previous intensity.
- Seek support: A registered dietitian or a support group can offer ongoing guidance and encouragement.
Final Thoughts
Adjusting to life after a gastrectomy takes time and patience. By focusing on nutrition, you can support your recovery and maintain your health in the long term. It’s worth noting that different surgeon’s offices have different recommendations when it comes to progressing the diet, but they will usually monitor your recovery and advance your diet depending on how you are healing and tolerating different foods. Remember, everyone’s journey is unique—listen to your body, work closely with your healthcare team, and take it one step at a time.
This blog is not intended as medical nutrition therapy, medical advice, or diagnosis and should in no way replace consultation or recommendation from your medical professional.
